Which of the following is NOT part of a typical VT setup for weld inspection?

• A. Oblique lighting from multiple angles
• B. Direct lighting to weld toes
• C. Apply magnification or borescope as needed
• D. Use diffuse lighting only from a single fixed angle

Answer: (D)

In visual weld inspection, lighting setup is key to revealing flaws. Oblique lighting from multiple angles creates shadows and contrasts that make cracks, porosity, and edge defects stand out as you view the weld from different directions. Direct lighting aimed at the weld toes concentrates illumination where flaws often begin or are most visible, helping you see toe cracks or undercuts clearly. Magnification or a borescope is used when you need a closer look at fine features along the weld or fusion line that isn’t easily seen with the naked eye. Using diffuse lighting only from a single fixed angle reduces shadowing and contrast, which hides small defects and makes the weld appear smoother than it really is. So the option that doesn’t fit typical VT practices is relying on diffuse lighting from just one fixed angle.