Which discontinuity is not associated with welds?

• A. Undercut.
• B. Overlap.
• C. Laminations.
• D. Underfill.

Answer: (C)

Understanding welding discontinuities vs material defects helps distinguish what can go wrong during fabrication from what a part already has from its manufacturing.

Laminations are layers within the base metal that come from how the material was produced (for example, rolled or laminated sheets). They are a material defect, not something caused by the welding process. A weld can be placed on laminated stock, but the lamination itself isn’t a weld flaw.

The other issues listed are clearly tied to the welding process: undercut is a groove cut into the base metal at the weld toe due to heat or technique, overlap is weld metal that projects beyond the joint without proper fusion, and underfill is insufficient weld metal in a groove. These are all discontinuities arising from how the weld was made, not from the material’s internal structure.